John Chapter 19 {Verses 1:16: Conclusion of the Roman trial} 1~~At that time {after Jews asked for release of Barabbas} Pilate took Jesus and caused {Him} to be flogged/scourged severely. {Note: Pilate pronounced Jesus innocent but is still taking punitive measures. This is against Roman law and will cause his political downfall.} 2~~The soldiers braided/weaved a 'crown in wreath form' {stephanos} out from the thorns and inflicted {epitithemi} it on His head {means it hurt!}, and they clothed/'put on and around' {periballo} Him a purple {porphurous} robe. {Note: Porphurous usually means purple but can be crimson. In Matthew 27:28 they put on a 'kokkinos' or red robe on Him. So the purple robe was put on Jesus also in Luke 23:11. Is this a contradiction? No. Apparently they put a royal purple robe on Him. Took it off and beat Jesus. His blood dried but stained the robe. So, they tore off the robe (which hurts!) and then covered His body (hiding the wounds) in a military red robe. So, RBT says Jesus wore two different robes.} {Soldiers Mock Jesus} 3~~And, they kept on coming face to face with Him and kept on saying {lego} "Hail {chairo - a greeting for Caesar spoken in derision}, King of the Jews!" And they kept on giving Him blows with their fists   {instead of giving homage to the king, they gave blows}. 4~~Pilate therefore went out again and said to them {the Jewish religious leaders}, "Look, I am bringing Him out to you, for the purpose that you may 'know from experience or study' {ginosko} at this time, I find not one crime in Him!" {Note: The 'again' here is very important. Pilate is surrendering all his Roman authority to the Jews by once again coming outside to the Jews.} 5~~Then Jesus came outside, wearing the 'crown in the form of a wreath' {stephanos} of thorns and the purple robe. And, Pilate said to them, "Behold . . . the man!" 6~~When the chief priests and the temple guard stared/saw Him, they screamed out saying over and over again, "Crucify! Crucify!" {Imperative mood - they demand it} Pilate said unto them, "You seize Him and crucify! {Mob rule} For I find not one crime in Him!" {Note: By allowing mob rule, Pilate gives up his authority and, in effect, this becomes the union of religion and state. This union always destroys all true judicial activity.} {Jews now Reveal their Real Reason they want Jesus Crucified} 7~~ The Jews {religious leaders} 'had an answer'/'gave a discerning answer from the ultimate source of themselves' {apokrinomai} for Him {Pilate}, "We keep on having and holding {echo} a law {Leviticus 24:16 - against blasphemy}, and according to the norm or standard of our law He ought/'is obliged' to 'intensely die dead' {apothnesko}, because He made Himself the Son of God!" {Verses 8-11: Pilate's Second Interrogation of Jesus} 8~~At that time, Pilate therefore {oun} heard/perceived 'that saying'/'these words' {logos}, he was more afraid. {Note: Oun is the Greek word meaning 'therefore'. But it has two closely related meanings - sequence of events or consequence of the events. RBT says here it is sequential.} {Note In Matthew 27:19, per RBT Pilate received a note from his wife at this point saying, "Do not condemn that innocent man, because I have suffered greatly as a result of a dream {trance} because of Him today."} {Judge Pilate Continues Bouncing Back and Forth - an Errand Boy} 9~~And {Pilate} hustled/'went with haste' again into the governor's residence and said to Jesus, "'Where are You from'/'what is the source of Your origin'?" But Jesus gave him no answer. {Note: Pilate's mental attitude was continually negative toward Jesus. Jesus did not respond for this reason. He knows Pilate will not change his mental attitude no matter what He says, so He says nothing. He is negative and will always remain negative!} {Mentioning His Authority to Jesus Tells Us He Rejects Jesus as God} 10~~Therefore Pilate said, "Do you refuse to communicate {laleo} to me? Do you absolutely not {ouk} have the inherent knowledge {oida} that I have the authority to release You, and to crucify You?" 11~~Jesus 'had an answer'/'gave a discerning answer from the ultimate source of Himself' {apokrinomai}, "You would have and hold {echo} no authority {exousia} against Me, except it had been given to you from above {from a higher sphere}. Because of this, the one {Caiaphas} who betrayed/handed {paradidomi} Me over to you is guilty of greater {megas} sin." {Note: There are three categories of rejection. One is greater then the other. 1. Religious negative volition is the worst - a sin from their convictions. 2. Pilate's sin is a sin against his own conviction - he knows Jesus is innocent   but will turn him over for political expediency. 3. Group negative volition - they sin without any conviction - mob has no   mentality.} {Note: RBT says 'from above' means from the Roman Caesar. Pilate has said 'not guilty' three times and Jesus should by Roman law be released.} 12~~From this point on Pilate tried to release Him {Jesus}. But the Jews {religious leaders} shouted out saying {lego}, "If you release this one -maybe you will, maybe you will not - you keep on being absolutely no {ouk} friend of Caesar! Whoever makes himself a king 'speaks against'/opposes Caesar!" 13~~Pilate therefore, having heard these words, brought Jesus outside and sat down on the 'judgment seat'/bema in the place called 'The Stone Pavement' {lithostrotos} but in the Hebrew Gabbatha {gabbatha}. {Note: Gabbatha was originally an Aramaic word which means platter because the platter was elevated about the table. So the Bema Seat placed the Judge higher than the people being judged.} {Tuesday - April 30 AD} 14~~(And it kept on being the day of preparation for the Passover   {Jewish Tuesday - Gentile Tuesday sundown through Wednesday   sundown}, about the sixth hour   {this is Gentile time - so would be 0600 on Wednesday morning}.) Pilate said to the Jews {religious leaders}, "Behold/'take a long look' . . . your king!" {Note: RBT teaches that Pilate was serious. This was a result of his own interrogation. Pilate had concluded that Jesus was acceptable to Rome so now you Jews accept Him also - we have already seen Pilate declared Jesus innocent three times.} 15~~But they screamed out, "Away {with Him}/Lift {Him} up! Away {with Him}/Lift {Him} up!!   {airo airo - and they are ordering Pilate} Crucify!" Pilate said {lego} to them, "Shall I crucify your king?" The high priests 'had an answer'/'gave a discerning answer from the ultimate source of themselves' {apokrinomai}, "We have absolutely no {ouk} king except Caesar!" {Note: This is a hypocritical remark. They really despised Rome and Caesar. In a little over 30 years, they would completely revolt against Caesar who will then annihilate them.} 16~~At that time, he {Pilate} betrayed {paradidomi} Him {Jesus} to them {religious leaders} - to their disadvantage for the purpose that He might receive crucifixion. They received possession of Him and led Him outside {outside the city} {Note: This is in line with the Levitical offerings. They were always sacrificed outside the city. Jesus as the lamb without spot would be offered outside the city walls of Jerusalem. See Leviticus 16:27.} {Verses 17-37: Crucifixion of Jesus Christ} 17~~And He {Jesus} kept on bearing {bastazo} by means of Himself the cross went outside {the city} to a place being designated/said/called Kranion/Skull   {Kranion is the Greek word for skull} which is called in the Hebrew Golgotha/Skull   (Glogotha is the Hebrew/Aramaic word for skull} {Note: Bastazo means to carry a heavy burden that is really too heavy for you to carry. Jesus was severely beaten and the skin whipped off His back.} {Note: The Roman Catholics translated the bible into Latin. The Latin for skull is the word from which Calvary.} 18~~In which place, they crucified Him {Jesus} and two others of the same kind associated with {meta} Him and on each side of Him but He was in the middle. {Note: Meta is not the ordinary Greek word for 'with' (sun). It means 'associated with'. This means that Jesus also died on the cross for the sins of these mean as He did for all mankind. So here we have a picture of three humans all going to die on the cross, and He would bear their sins also. See Psalm 22:1-16 'they pierced my hands and my feet' and Isaiah 53:12 'He was numbered with the transgressors' and Isaiah 53:9.} 19~~ And Pilate wrote {he did it himself} a title and placed it on the cross {again he did it himself}. And, having been written, kept on being Jesus of Nazareth King of the Jews. {Note: Again this indicates Pilate was not saved but did accept Jesus as the king of the Jews (see verses coming up). He should have added 'the Son of God'.} 20~~This title was read/executed   {anaginosko -means they read it again and again} by many of the Jews for the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city   {the Jews could read the sign when standing on the Walls of the city} and it was written in Hebrew, Greek, and Latin/Roman {Rhomaisti}. 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