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Luke
Chapter 23
{Jesus
Brought Before Pilate}
23:1~~
Then the whole group of them {mob} rose up
and
brought Jesus before Pilate.
{Note: This verse ties to John 18:29.}
23:2~~Then
they began to accuse Him {Jesus} saying,
"We
discovered/found {heurisko} this man
'misleading
the nation' {fermenting a revolution},
and
forbidding us to pay the tribute tax to Caesar
saying
that He Himself keeps on being The Christ . . . a king."
{Note: As Procurator of Judea, Pilate's mandate was 1) to protect the peace and military security of the area 2) collect taxes 3) be the judge in the area. The Jews pretty well hit each one of his mandates with their accusations so he would take the case. Rome did not permit conquered nations the right of capital punishment. So they needed Rome to execute Jesus for them.}
{Note: Another interesting note here is that RBT says Pilate was probably very intrigued with these Jews who said they were a religious people and the Sanhedrin Counsel ruled them - they did not need or want a 'king'. Now is One Who is supposedly claiming to be their king!}
23:3``Then
Pilate interrogated {eperotao} Him {Jesus} saying,
"Are
you the King of the Jews?"
Jesus
'had an answer'/'gave a discerning answer
from
the ultimate source of Himself' {apokrinomai}
keeping
on making His thoughts known {phemi},
"Yes,
you said it!"
{idiom: literally "You say {it}."}
4~~Then
said Pilate to the chief priests and to the people,
"I
find no fault in this man."
{Last
Chance for Herod the tetrarch (Herod Antipus) to be saved}
5~~
And they were the more fierce, saying,
"He
stirred up the people,
teaching
throughout all Jewry,
beginning
from Galilee to this place."
6~~When
Pilate heard of Galilee,
he
asked whether the man were a Galilaean.
7~~And
as soon as
he
knew that he belonged unto Herod's jurisdiction,
he
sent Him to Herod,
who
himself also was at Jerusalem at that time.
8~~And
when Herod saw Jesus,
he
was exceeding glad . . .
for
he was desirous to see Him a long time . . .
because
he had heard many things of Him . . .
and
he hoped to have seen some miracle done by Him.
9~~Then
he questioned with Him {Jesus} in many words,
but
He answered him nothing.
{Jesus knew how Herod had killed John the Baptist and just stayed
quiet}
10~~And
the chief priests and scribes stood
and
vehemently accused Him.
11~~And
Herod with his men of war ridiculed Him, and mocked Him,
and
arrayed Him in a gorgeous robe, and sent Him again to Pilate.
{Note : The tragedy of Herod. Jesus was extremely fair to Herod, but he did not accept Christ as his savior.}
23:12``Now
that very day
Herod
and Pilate became friends with each other . . .
for
prior to this 'they had been enemies".
{idiom: literally 'they have lived in a state of continuous enmity
toward each other'}
23:13-14``Then
Pilate having called together
the
chief priests, the rulers, and the people, 23:14``
said
to them, "You have brought before me this man . . .
as
one having mislead the people.
I,
having examined Him before you,
have
discovered absolutely no guilt of anything
you
accused Him {of doing}.
23:15``
Moreover, neither nor did Herod,
for
he sent Him {anapempo} back to us.
And,
behold {pay attention}
He
{Jesus} has done nothing deserving death.
23:16``Having
disciplined Him by scourging/flogging {paideuo},
I
will release Him."
23:17`` {Per Kenneth S. Wuest and Westcott Hort the parenthetical phrase '(For of necessity he must release one unto them at the feast.)' is not part of the original manuscript.}
23:18-19``
But they shouted out {anakrazo} all together saying,
"Take
this one {Jesus} away
and
release Barabbas for us!" 23:19``
(who
{Barabbas} was such that
because
of a certain insurrection
that
took place in the city and for murder
had
been thrown in prison).
23:20``Pilate
therefore,
desiring
to release Jesus,
'addressed
by calling them'/'summoned them to him' {prosphoneo}
once
again.
23:21``But
they kept on shouting out {epiphoneo},
"Be
crucifying . . . be crucifying Him {Jesus}!"
{stauroo stauroo - doubling the verb is very strong!}
23:22``Now
a third time he {Pilate} said to them,
"{Why?}
For what evil has He done?
I
have found/discovered Him
'guilty
of absolutely no crime deserving death'.
{literally: 'not even one cause of death did I find in Him'}
Therefore,
having flogged/'disciplined Him by scourging'
I
will release Him."
23:23``But
they kept on insisting/
'applying
pressure by violent tempest' {epikeimai}
with
loud cries . . . 'calling for'/'demanding for themselves' {aiteo }
that
He be crucified . . .
and
their cries
kept
on prevailing/overcoming {Pilate's objections} {katischuo}.
23:24
So Pilate decreed/'made a judicial decision' {epikrino}
'that
their demand should be granted'
{literally: 'it should become as they requested'}.
23:25``Now
he {Pilate} released to them
the
one for whom they asked . . .
the
one who had been thrown in prison
for
insurrection and murder {Barabbas}.
But he handed Jesus over to their will.
{The
Crucifixion}
23:26~~And,
as they led Him {Jesus} away,
they
seized {epilambanomai} a certain Simon of Cyrene,
who
was coming in from the countryside,
and
placed the cross {stauros} on him . . .
to
carry it behind Jesus.
{Note: See Simon also in Mark 15:21 and his son Rufus is mentioned in Romans 16:13.}
23:27``Now
there kept on following Him {Jesus}
a
large crowd of the people . . .
among
them women who kept on mourning and wailing for Him.
23:28-29``However,
Jesus, turning to them said,
"Daughters
of Jerusalem, do not weep for Me {an order},
but
weep for yourselves
and
for your children {another order} 23:29``
for
behold {take note - pay attention}
the
days are coming in which they will say,
'Blessed
are'/happinesses to' {makarios -plural} . . .
those
who are barren,
and
the wombs that never bore,
and
the breasts that never nursed!'
23:30-31``Then
they will begin to be saying
to
the mountains, 'Fall on us!'
{see also Revelation 6:16 for a similar prophecy}
and
to the hills, 'Cover us!' . . . 23:31``
for
if {ei} - and it is true -
they
do such things
when
the tree's wood is green/'full of sap' {hugros} . . .
what
will happen when it is dry/wasted/withered {xeros}?"
32``Now,
also two others of a different kind {heteros} . . .
who
were criminals . . .
kept
on being lead away
to
be put to death with Him {Jesus}.
33``And
when they came to that place called 'skull' . . .
{kranion - the word for which we get cranium. Golgotha was a hill
looks like a skull and, SideNote, 'Calvary' is a Latin word 'bare
skull'},
there
they crucified Him . . .
also
the criminals . . .
one
on His right hand and one on His left.
34``Now
Jesus kept saying,
"Father,
forgive them {an order} . . .
for
they absolutely do not {ouk}
know
in the past with results that last forever {oida - perfect tense}
what
they are doing.
And,
distributing His garments among themselves,
they
cast lots.
23:35``The
people 'stood fixed in place' {histemi} . . . watching . . .
{histemi - Pluperfect - indicates action completed in the past with
lasting results}
also
the rulers ridiculed/scoffed/
'turned
their nose up at' {ekmukterizo} Him {Jesus}
{ekmukterizo - a term of derision - we would say 'gave the finger'},
saying, "He saved others of the same kind {allos}.
Let
Him save Himself . . .
if
{ei} He is - and it is true {1st class condition} -
the
Christ of God . . . His Chosen One {eklektos}!"
{Note: The 'if statement' here is the 1st class condition. Since these scoffers really do not believe what they are saying, this is probably a 1st class condition of assumption - in other words - sarcasm.}
23:36-37``Now
the soldiers {these would be Roman Soldiers}
also
mocked Him . . . coming up and offering him 'of their wine ration'
{oxos - the mixture of sour wine or vinegar and water which the
Roman soldiers were rationed to drink - Jesus will refuse - to keep
His thinking clear}, 23:37``
and
saying, "If {ei} - and it is true {1st class condition} -
You
are the King of the Jews . . . save Yourself {an order}!"
23:38``Now,
there was also an inscription over Him,
"This
keeps on being the King of the Jews."
{Note: This sign was a great irritation to the Jewish leaders. They wanted it changed to 'HE SAYS He is the King of the Jews'. But, the Romans were upset about this whole matter so 'tweaked' them by leaving it as it was.}
39``Now,
one of the criminals who was hanging there
hurled
insults {blasphemeo} at Him {Christ} saying,
"
'Are you not the Messiah?' . . .
{literally: 'if and it is true that you are the Messiah'}
deliver
Yourself and us'.
40``But
the 'other of a different kind'
{heteros - here means this criminal was a believer}
criminal
answered and rebuked him, saying,
"Do
you absolutely not 'have respect for'/fear God . . .
since
you are under the same sentence of condemnation?"
41``In
fact . . . we indeed justly . . .
for
we are receiving what we deserve for our deeds . . .
but
He {Jesus} has done nothing wrong.
42``And
he kept on repeating, "Lord {Jesus} . . .
remember
me when You may come into Your kingdom.
43``And
Jesus replied to him,
"Truly
I say to you,
today
you will be with Me in paradise {paradeisos}.
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