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II Samuel
Chapter 1 (Continued)
{Verses
17-18: David Composed an Elegy to Saul and David and the others}
17-18~~Then
David chanted {composed}
{quwn - Polel highly intensive stem - David composed this chant
over the honored dead}
this
elegy {qiynah} about Saul and about Jonathan his son
{qiynah
- a lyrical poem of sorrow - this one in 3 strophes -
Saul changed his attitude about David and wanted to kill him.
David was a Grace man of God and never changed his opinion
about Saul - he remained his friend} 18~~
and
he {David} ordered them teach the sons of Judah
{all future generations of his own tribe were to learn this even
though Saul and Jonathan were from the tribe of Benjamin - Grace
has no prejudices}
{Title of the Elegy taken from verse 22- Jonathan's favorite Weapon}
The Bow {the Bow of Jonathan did not turn back}
Behold
. . . {it is} written
in
the book of Heroes/Jasher {yashar - righteous}
{the full Elegy was written in the book of Jasher - which was the
recorded history of all the great early Jewish battle heroes - only
these 3 strophes were all that God wanted
retained for all future generations (Jasher also mentioned in Joshua
10:13)}.
{Verses
19-27: David's Elegy 'The Bow'
(3 Strophes - Each Strophe Starts "How the 'Brave Soldiers' have
Fallen")}
19~~The
glory {ts@biy} of Israel
{ts@biy - means beauty, honor, glory - here the glory of Israel
refers to Saul who died at the Battle of Mount Gilboa}
upon
Your mountains . . . has been 'mortally wounded' {chalal}.
How
the 'brave soldiers'/heroes
{gibbowr - referring to Saul and Jonathan in particular but also all
the men lost}
have
fallen {naphal - Qal perfect}!
20~~Do
not announce it {news of the battle} in Gath
{Gath was the Philistine city where Goliath was from -
the point is to not tell them how badly the Jews have been hurt
or they might exploit their victory - they know the Jews well}.
Do
not spread the news in the streets of Askelon/Ashkelon
{a maritime city of the Philistines, southwest of Jerusalem
this city is isolated from the Jews and they do not know much
about the Jews},
lest the daughters of the Philistines keep on celebrating{samach} . .
lest
the daughters of the uncircumcised
{Gentiles - meaning the women of the enemies of the Jews}
keep
on exulting/rejoicing {`alaz - we say 'crow' or gloat}.
{Note: The principal of this verse is that you can publish news which gives aid and comfort to the enemy. This should NOT be done - ever. It happened in Vietnam in a big way and see what happened.}
{Verse
Addressed To the Battlefield - Stay Barren As a Memorial To the
Valiant Dead}
21~~Oh
mountains of Gilboa
{meaning Gilboa is a range of mountains} . . .
neither
dew nor rain, upon you . . .
nor
fields of offerings
{no rain and therefore no crops - be totally unproductive as a
memorial to the tragedy that occurred here}
because
there {on Mount Gilboa}
the
shield {magen - singular - one shield only - that of Saul's}
of
the 'valiant ones'/'brave soldiers' { gibbowr - plural}
has
been defiled
{ga`al Niphal stem- defiled by blood, death, and defeat} . . .
the
shield of Saul . . . not polished with oil
{after a battle all the shields are cleaned with oil - Saul's shield
was not polished since he was dead - 'unpolished shield' is a sign of
military defeat}.
{Note: This area is a barren area still today. For the last 3,000 years, God has answered David's request made to the battlefield itself.}
22~~From
the blood of the casualties/slain
{referring to the Philistine casualties - it cost them so
much to win they could not exploit their victory} . . .
from
the flesh/fat of the 'valiant ones' {Philistine soldiers} . . .
the
bow of Jonathan did not turn back
{Jonathan killed many Philistines before he himself was killed},
and
the sword of Saul returned not empty
{Saul
also killed many Philistines with his sword before he
was so mortally wounded (gut shot) that he killed himself}.
{Note: RBT says a problem here is that the general officers were doing the killing themselves. They should be directing the men to efficiently kill the enemy. So, maybe the cause of this defeat was poor leadership in the battle.}
{Saul
and Jonathan - We Not Divided in Life or Death - Loyalty of Jonathan
to His Father}
23~~Saul
and Jonathan . . . were loved{'ahab - Niphal participle} . .
'delightful/agreeable/amiable' ones { na`iym} in their lives {chay}.
And,
in death, they were not separated/divided
{tragedy of Jonathan not separating from reversionistic Saul -
both died in the battle of Gilboa}.
They
were swifter than eagles
{emphasis on speed and agility in these soldiers - quick operation of
weapons}.
They were 'more courageous'/stronger {gabar} than lions.
{Affect
of Military Disaster on the Ladies of a Nation}
24~~You
daughters of Israel,
weep/cry
{bakah -a deep grief in her soul} over Saul,
{Saul}
the one having caused you
to
be clothed {labash Hiphil participle} with 'bright crimson'/scarlet
{ shaniy - a color of royalty of the day - the noblest of colors},
with
other 'luxurious accessories'/pleasures/delights
{`eden - here meaning the accessories, jewelry etc.} . . .
{Saul}
the one who caused to bring you { `alah - Hiphil participle}
golden
jewelry for your clothing
{these ladies are deprived of their great protector Saul and
deprived of their army AND deprived of their safety and possibly
freedom - which comes only from military victory - and are subject
now to slavery, rape, torture, and death by the Philistines}.
{Note: This requiem by David came sometime after the execution of the Amalekite. David had time to reflect on the situation. And, here, he is stating it is the woman of a society who benefit greatly from military victory. And, it is the women who suffer greatly when the military is neglected and the country is overrun.}
{Note: In this verse, the suffixes related to the women's clothing are male suffixes. Why? When a country is conquered, history has proven that the women are no longer treated as women - but more as cattle - meat. To be taken and devoured. Only by a country keeping a strong military are women protected and permitted to be women.}
{2nd
Strophe - How are the mighty Fallen}
25~~
How the 'brave soldiers'/heroes
{gibbowr - referring to Saul and Jonathan in particular but also all
the men lost}
have
fallen {naphal - Qal perfect}
in
the middle of the battle!
O
Jonathan . . . slain/'killed in action'
on
your 'high places' {Mount Gilboa} {bamah}
{see I Samuel 23:16 and following for how close David and Jonathan
were}.
26~~Distressed/grieved
for you . . . my brother Jonathan!
{they were so close friends, David refers to him as brother}
You {Johathan} have been extremely kind to me {David}.
Your
love {Category III - friendship type - 'right friends'}
to
me was extraordinary . . . beyond the love of women
{highest accolade from one friend to another - mental attitude
free of mental attitude sins - jealousy, envy, implacability -
shear loyalty, free of back-biting on and on}.
{3rd
Strophe - How are the mighty Fallen}
27~~
How the 'brave soldiers'/heroes
{gibbowr - referring to Saul and Jonathan in particular but also all
the men lost}
have
fallen {naphal - Qal perfect}!
And
the instruments of war . . . ruined/wasted/perished {'abad}!
{Referring to the fighting men here - nations suffers from the loss of
manpower}
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