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Isaiah The entire book of Isaiah was probably written by the prophet Isaiah. Half of it is written in prose and the other half in poetry. The difference in writing style caused some theologians to believe each half was written by a different person, but styles NORMALLY change when one switches from prose to poetry. Chapter 1 1~~The vision/oracle {chazown} of Isaiah the son of Amoz, which he saw concerning Judah and Jerusalem in the days of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings {melek} of Judah. 2~~ 'Hear, concentrate, and obey' {shama`} O heavens   {referring to the angels watching human history unfold - angelic conflict resolution} and give ear, O earth   {referring to the humans on the earth - human conflict related}. For Jehovah/God has communicated categorically { dabar}, I 'intensely and repeatedly nourish'   {gadal - intensive Piel stem - fed them doctrine} and 'repeatedly bring up children'   { ruwm - intensive Polel stem}, and they have rebelled/revolted against Me. {Note: This verse means that God through His prophets have brought up believers from babies to adolescents and on to mature believers. Yet once mature, they 'turn back' or revert against Him and His Word. Israel was born and brought up under the Laws of Establishment.} {Illustration} 3~~Even the {dumb} ox knows { yada`} his owner, and the Jackass . . . {knows} his master's manger! But Israel does not know {yada'} Me. 4~~Alas evil nation {gowy} . . . a people weighted down with depravity {`avon} . . . a seed of evil workers . . . sons who live corruptly. They have abandoned Jehovah/God {God and His Word}, they have despised the Holy One {qadowsh} of Israel They have turned away backward   {reversionism - turning away from God and His doctrine}. 5~~Where will you be struck again? As you continue your revolt/revolution. The whole head is sick, and the whole heart/'right lobe' . . . faint. 6 From the sole of the foot even unto the head there is no soundness in it; but wounds, and bruises, and putrefying sores. They have not been closed, neither bound up, neither mollified with ointment. 7~~Your country is desolate, your cities are burned with fire. Your land, strangers devour it in your presence, and it is desolate, as overthrown by strangers. 8 And the daughter of Zion is left as a cottage in a vineyard, as a lodge in a garden of cucumbers, as a besieged city. 9~~Except Jehovah/God of the armies/hosts had left unto us a very small remnant, we should have been as Sodom, and we should have been like unto Gomorrah. {Note: Paul quotes this verse in Romans 9:29.} 10~~'Hear, listen and obey' {shama`} the Word/doctrinal communication {dabar} of Jehovah/God, you rulers of Sodom. Give ear unto the law of our 'Elohiym/Godhead, you people of Gomorrah. {Note: This verse means that the leaders are not following biblical standards. They are 'liberals' in their thinking and in their politics. The example in Sodom and Gomorrah was their flagrant practice and acceptance of homosexuality in the cities - which is not only sin, but an abomination before the Lord.} {Quote from Verse 11 to 18} 11 "To what purpose is the multitude of your sacrifices unto me?" said Jehovah/God, "I am full of the burnt offerings of rams, and the fat of fed beasts. And I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of lambs, or of he goats. 12 When you come to appear before Me, who has required this at your hand, to tread My courts? 13a Bring no more vain oblations. 13b 'The smell of a burned sacrifice' {q@toreth} is an abomination unto Me. {Note: In Jeremiah we see that q@toreth is used for the smell of human sacrifice in the temple of God. These people are terribly apostate at this point in history.} 13c The new moons and Sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with. 13d It is 'punishment for sin'/iniquity {`avon}, even the solemn meeting. 14 Your new moons and your appointed feasts My soul hates. They are a trouble unto Me. I am weary to bear them. 15 And when you spread forth your hands, I will hide My eyes from you. Yes, when you make many prayers, I will not hear. Your hands are full of blood. 16 Wash you, make you clean. Put away the evil of your doings from before My eyes. Cease to do evil. 17a Learn to do well. {Now do you learn? You study. These people had abandoned bible class and were operating on what they thought was correct. Evil customs of the area like human sacrifice crept into their norms.} 17b Seek justice. Relieve the oppressed. Justice for the fatherless. Plead for the widow. 18a Come now, and let us reason together," said Jehovah/God. {Solution Given - Reversion Recovery (in Church Age use I John 1:9)} 18b "though your sins be as scarlet, they shall be as white as snow. Though they be red like crimson, they shall be as wool.   {repetition in teaching is good - both are examples of red stain   being purified or "made white"} 19 If you be willing and obedient, you shall eat the good of the land. 20 But if you refuse and rebel, you shall be devoured with the sword. For the mouth of Jehovah/God has spoken it. {Immoral Practices - from Law Abiding to Law Abhorring - to Murder} 21 How is the faithful city become an harlot! It was full of justice. Righteousness lodged in it. But now murderers. {Cheating in Business} 22~~Your silver is become dross. Your wine mixed with water. {Bribery in High Places - Against Authority - Rebellious and Thieves} 23~~Your princes are rebellious, and companions of thieves. Every one loves bribes, and pursues after the best bribes. They do not administer true justice to the orphans/fatherless, neither does the cause of the widow come unto them.   {examples of abuse of the legal system} 24 Therefore said Jehovah/God, "Jehovah/God of the armies/hosts, the Mighty One of Israel, Ah, I will ease Me of My adversaries, and avenge Me of My enemies. 25 And I will turn My hand upon you, and purely purge away your dross/'backsliding' {ciyg}, and take away all your alloy/tin/dross {b@diyl}. 26 And I will restore your judges as at the first, and your counselors as at the beginning. Afterward you shall be called, 'The City of Righteousness . . . the Faithful City'. 27 Zion shall be redeemed with judgment, and her converts with righteousness. 28 And the destruction of the transgressors and of the sinners shall be together, and those who forsake Jehovah/God shall be consumed. 29 For they shall be ashamed of the oaks which you have desired, and you shall be confounded for the gardens that you have chosen. 30 For you shall be as an oak whose leaf fades, and as a garden that has no water. 31 And the strong shall be as "strands of flax" {n@`oreth},   {easily combustible material} and the maker of it as a spark, and they shall both burn together, and none shall quench them.